Transmission and propagation delay
Link
Size L
Rate R
Distance d
Speed s
2·10⁸ m/s (copper, fiber)
3·10⁸ m/s (radio, vacuum)
Exchange
Packets
2
ACK
No ACK
Stop-and-wait
Pipelining
ACK size
Playback
Duration
Play
Reset
Spacebar: play or pause. R: reset.
Sender
Receiver
time ↓
Data
ACK
Transmission L/R
Propagation d/s
Total time
Sender utilization